Java: OOP: Nested Class

 21st January 2021 at 10:43pm

Nested class 有两种形式,非静态的和静态的:

class OuterClass {
    ...
    static class StaticInnerClass {
        ...
    }
    class InnerClass {
        ...
    }
}

访问规则

  • InnerClass 可以访问 OuterClass 中的其他成员,甚至是 private
  • StaticInnerClass 只可以访问 OuterClass 中的静态成员

使用场景

InnerClass 适用于,只被一个类使用(OuterClass),同时逻辑比较内聚,值得被封装成类的场景。InnerClass 也可以被外部使用,但是初始化很罗嗦:

OuterClass outerObject = new OuterClass();
OuterClass.InnerClass innerObject = outerObject.new InnerClass();

StaticInnerClass 可以给外部使用。Effective Java 有一例子:

public class Outer {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public static class Builder {
        private String name;
        private int age;

        public Builder(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }

        public Builder withName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder withAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
            return this;
        }

        public Outer build() {
            return new Outer(this);
        }
    }

    private Outer(Builder b) {
        this.age = b.age;
        this.name = b.name;
    }
    
    public Outer getOuter() {
        Outer outer = new Outer.Builder(2).withName("Yang Liu").build();
        return outer;
    }
}

Shadowing

public class ShadowTest {

    public int x = 0;

    class FirstLevel {

        public int x = 1;

        void methodInFirstLevel(int x) {
            System.out.println(x);                  // 函数参数中的 x
            System.out.println(this.x);             // 内部类的 x
            System.out.println(ShadowTest.this.x);  // 外部类的 x 
        }
    }

    public static void main(String... args) {
        ShadowTest st = new ShadowTest();
        ShadowTest.FirstLevel fl = st.new FirstLevel();
        fl.methodInFirstLevel(23);    // 输入分别是:23, 1, 0
    }
}

参考: